When it comes to expert skincare advice, dermatologists consistently emphasize one essential word: sunscreen. According to Dr. Shari Lipner, dermatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center and associate professor of clinical dermatology at Weill Cornell Medicine, applying sunscreen daily is a must. Prolonged sun exposure acts as a carcinogen, increasing the risk of all three major types of skin cancer and accelerating signs of skin aging.
To help you enjoy the sun safely, Dr. Lipner offers her top six skin protection tips. “We’re not here to take away your summer fun,” she says. “We just want everyone to take smart steps to stay protected.”
Wear Sunscreen, Even When It’s Not Sunny
Sunburn isn’t the only form of skin damage caused by sun exposure, warns Dr. Shari Lipner, dermatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays significantly increases the risk of serious skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Beyond cancer risks, the sun also accelerates visible aging. “UV rays break down collagen and elastic fibers in the skin, leading to fine lines and wrinkles,” explains Dr. Lipner. “They also activate melanocytes—the pigment-producing cells—resulting in dark spots like liver spots or solar lentigines.” UVA rays can even penetrate deeper layers of the skin, causing long-term DNA damage.
Even on cloudy days, UV rays still reach your skin. That’s why applying sunscreen daily is essential—rain or shine—whenever you step outside.
Read More: Choosing the Best Sunscreen for Kids and Babies: A Parent’s Guide to Safe Sun Protection
Put On More Than You Think You Need
Most people apply only about 25% of the sunscreen they actually need, according to Dr. Shari Lipner. For full-body coverage, use the equivalent of a shot glass of sunscreen—and don’t forget to reapply every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.
Sunscreen alone isn’t enough. Dr. Lipner also recommends wearing UV-protective sunglasses and sun-safe clothing when spending time outdoors. If you don’t have clothing with a certified Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF), choose tightly woven fabrics that block sunlight effectively.
Know How to Pick the Right Sunscreen
Sunscreens fall into two main categories: chemical and mineral. Chemical sunscreens contain active ingredients like oxybenzone and avobenzone, which absorb UV rays like a sponge. In contrast, mineral sunscreens—typically made with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide—act as a physical barrier, reflecting sunlight away from your skin.
While the FDA continues to study how certain chemical ingredients are absorbed by the body, both sunscreen types remain effective and safe for regular use. “If you’re concerned about absorption, mineral sunscreen is a great alternative,” says Dr. Shari Lipner, dermatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center.
When choosing a sunscreen, always look for “broad spectrum” on the label to ensure protection against both UVA and UVB rays. Dr. Lipner recommends using a sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, which blocks about 97% of harmful rays. Higher SPFs like 70 or 100 offer only slightly more protection. For extended outdoor activity, make sure the formula is also water resistant.
Look Out for Changes in Your Skin
Sun protection goes beyond applying sunscreen. Scheduling an annual full-body skin exam with a board-certified dermatologist is essential—especially if you have a personal or family history of skin cancer. Between visits, perform a self-skin check every month to catch early warning signs. Look for unusual changes in texture, such as rough patches, bumps, or scaly areas, and pay close attention to moles.
Dr. Shari Lipner, dermatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, explains that changes in mole appearance may signal melanoma—the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Use the ABCDE rule during self-exams:
- A – Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
- B – Border: Edges should be smooth and round, not ragged or irregular.
- C – Color: Watch for uneven colors, especially multiple shades of brown or black.
- D – Diameter: Moles larger than a pencil eraser (6mm) may be a concern.
- E – Evolving: Any change in size, shape, color, or feel requires a dermatologist’s evaluation.
While the ABCDE method helps identify melanomas, other skin cancers look different. Basal cell carcinoma, the most common type, often appears as a pink bump or red, scaly patch with little or no pigment. Squamous cell carcinoma, more common than melanoma but less so than basal cell, may show up as a thickened, crusty area of skin.
Early detection is key. “Vigilance and regular self-checks can help catch skin cancer in its earliest stages,” says Dr. Lipner.
Don’t Use Vitamin D as an Excuse to Sunbathe
Many people mistakenly believe that sun exposure is necessary to meet their daily vitamin D requirements, but that’s a common myth. “You don’t need to risk sun damage to get enough vitamin D,” says Dr. Shari Lipner, dermatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center.
If you’re low in vitamin D, your diet can help. “Vitamin D is found in many dairy products,” Dr. Lipner explains. Try adding milk, eggs, and fatty fish like salmon to your meals for a healthy boost.
You can also consider over-the-counter vitamin D supplements, but consult your doctor before starting any new regimen. These options provide safe, effective alternatives—without increasing your risk of skin cancer or sun-related damage.
Treat a Sunburn
Missed a spot while applying sunscreen or forgot to reapply after swimming? A sunburn can sneak up fast. As soon as you notice redness or irritation, get out of the sun and move into the shade immediately. “Taking a cool shower can help lower skin temperature and ease discomfort,” says Dr. Shari Lipner, dermatologist at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center.
Apply a cool compress to the affected areas, then follow with a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer to lock in hydration. Aloe vera is a great option for soothing the skin. “Aloe on the skin can be very soothing,” Dr. Lipner notes.
For added relief, consider taking an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to reduce swelling and pain.
Prompt care can make a big difference in your skin’s healing process—so act fast at the first sign of a burn.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is sunscreen important for sun protection?
Sunscreen helps block harmful UVA and UVB rays that cause sunburn, premature aging, and increase the risk of skin cancer. Daily use—even on cloudy days—is essential for healthy skin.
What SPF should I use daily?
Dermatologists recommend using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher for everyday protection. If you’re spending extended time outdoors, choose a water-resistant formula and reapply every two hours.
Is mineral sunscreen better than chemical sunscreen?
Both are effective. Mineral sunscreens (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide) sit on the skin and reflect UV rays, while chemical sunscreens absorb them. Mineral options are often preferred for sensitive skin.
Can I get enough vitamin D without sun exposure?
Yes. Vitamin D can be obtained safely through a balanced diet (milk, eggs, salmon) and supplements—without increasing your risk of sun damage.
How do I treat a sunburn at home?
Move out of the sun immediately, take a cool shower, apply aloe vera or a gentle moisturizer, and use ibuprofen or acetaminophen to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
How often should I check my skin for signs of cancer?
Perform a monthly self-skin check and schedule a yearly exam with a board-certified dermatologist. Use the ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving) to monitor moles and spots.
Conclusion
Protecting your skin from the sun is not just a seasonal concern—it’s a year-round commitment to your health. By following these six expert-backed tips, including wearing sunscreen, covering up, staying in the shade, and performing regular skin checks, you can significantly reduce your risk of skin cancer and premature aging.